1. 肺高壓的分類
|
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension (Nice, 2018) |
|||
|
Group 1 |
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) |
Idiopathic PAH PAH associated with CHD* |
記:PAH |
|
Group 2 |
PH due to left heart disease |
Congenital post-capillary obstruction |
記:左 |
|
Group 3 |
PH due to lung disease and/or hypoxia |
Developmental lung disease |
記:肺 |
|
Group 4 |
PH due to pulmonary artery obstruction |
Chronic thromboembolic PH |
記:血栓 |
|
Group 5 |
PH with unclear mechanisms |
Complex CHD Hematologic disorders |
記:其他 |
|
*CHD=Congenital heart disease |
2. 肺"動脈"高壓 (PAH) 的定義
(1) (2) 皆需要符合,是導管做的PAH才是gold standard,下面兩個是器具不夠、輔助診斷時用的。 |
3. 治療
|
WHO classification of PH |
Treatment |
|
WHO class 1 |
provide pulmonary vasodilator therapy |
|
WHO class 2 |
treat the left heart disease |
|
WHO class 3 |
treat the lung disease |
|
WHO class 4 |
thromboembolectomy/anticoagulation |
|
WHO class 5 |
manage the underlying systemic illness |
|
Common therapy : Support the right ventricle (RV) and avoid congestive heart failure. |
4. 血管擴張測試 Acute vasodilator test
- 使用藥物:100%純氧, 吸入NO, adenosine, 吸入Iloprost, epoprostenol(i.v.) 共五擇一短效血管擴張劑
- (+) : 陽性稱為反應者(responder),他們的狀況比較好,可以開刀治療,也可以用CCB治療
- 先天性心臟病(CHD)病史:MPAP or PVR 下降20%以上
- 原發性肺動脈高壓(IPAH)病史:MPAP下降10mmHg,且下降至40mmHg以下,並且無心輸出量減少
- 反應者可以使用 CCB (nifedipine, amlodipine),但要注意全身性低血壓、肺水腫、右心衰竭等副作用。若不是反應者,就不要用CCB
- 嬰兒<1y/o不可以用CCB,而任何兒童用CCB都要小心使用
5. Vasodilator therapy for PAH
|
Vasodilator for PAH |
|
|
Nitric oxide basis (PDE-5 inhibitor) |
NO, Sidenafil(威而鋼), Riosiguat |
|
PG (Prostacylin) |
Ventavis, Iloprost (inhaled, 可以給兒童使用) |
|
Endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) 證據等級最高class I |
Bosentan |
|
CCB |
不可以給<1y/o使用 |
|
***藍色是常用藥物 |
