依照解剖構造區分乳房疾病與發病位置
Fibroadenoma
- 描述:最常見的良性乳房疾病
- 好發年紀:20-30歲女性,大多是多顆且雙側(multiple and bilateral)
- 巨觀:
- 尺寸變異性大,從1-10公分的都有
- 邊界明顯、灰白色纖維構造
- 微觀結構:
- 有intracanicular pattern & pericanicular pattern
- 基質呈現myxoid stroma,變多變密集,就好像年紀大的女人的乳房結構
Invasive ductal carcinoma
- 好發:45-55歲女性(記:台灣乳癌X光攝影45-69歲女性每兩年做一次)
- 巨觀:
- 邊界不明顯(irregular border)
- 質地堅硬、密度很高的腫塊
- 微觀:
- 變異性很大,有可能有cord, nest, sheet, individual cell...都有可能
- 但是細胞呈現惡性的狀態,例如nuclear pleomorphism, mitosis
- 區分grade I-III
- Grade I (well differentiate)
- Grade II (modertae differentiate)
- Grade III (poorly differentiate)
考題觀摩:
下列何種檢查是乳癌最佳的篩檢工具?
(A)乳房 X 光攝影
(B)核磁共振
(C)電腦斷層
(D)乳房超音波
解析:(A)
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目前台灣乳癌篩檢下列何者正確 ?
(A) 成年婦女每年一次
(B) 45 歲以上至 69 歲,每 2 年一次乳房 X 光攝影
(C) 30~70 歲每一年 1 次乳房 X 光攝影
(D) 每個月自我檢查即可
解析:(B)
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以下乳房檢查內容,以下何者為對?
(A)乳房攝影的報告系統 BIRADS,數字越高代表惡性可能越高,BIRDAS=0 代表無異常發現
(B)平躺且雙手高舉過頭比坐姿更能檢查出異常狀況
(C)乳頭出現淡黃色的分泌物屬於危險徵兆,須立即接受切片檢查
(D)單側乳房下陷是乳癌前兆
(E)乳暈上的白色小突起為乳癌早期徵兆
解析:
(A)沒有BIRADS=0,從1開始。
(C)Bloody discharge 10%惡性
Serous discharge低於10%惡性
Milky discharge多為良性
答案(B)。
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20歲年輕女性發現右乳外方上方一粒1.0x0.8cm,可滑動,表面光滑具彈性的腫
瘤,經乳房超音波檢查為category3,針吸細胞學檢查為良性,無乳癌家族史,您的建議是
(A)乳房全切除
(B)腫瘤切除術
(C)觀察追蹤
(D)乳房部分切除術
解析:BICHAR=3代表2%是惡性,因此持續觀察追蹤就好。答案(C)。
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50 歲女性發生單一乳管流血(bloody discharge),最常見的病理發現是?
(A) 乳房管道原位癌(Ductal carcinoma in situ)
(B) 管道內乳突瘤(Intraductal papilloma)
(C) 乳房纖維性腺瘤(Fibroadenoma)
(D) 乳房浸潤性管道瘤(Infiltrating ductal carcinoma)
解析:(B)Papilloa最常以出血表現。
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下列何者不是乳癌的危險因子?
(A) 較早的初經年齡
(B) 較早的停經年齡
(C) 未曾生育或哺乳的婦女
(D) 停經後肥胖者
(E) 母親曾有纖維腺瘤並接受手術切除
解析:(B)較晚停經比較危險。(危險因子跟卵巢癌一樣)
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以下哪些乳房超音波上的發現,屬於惡性腫瘤的特微?
1: Posterior shadowing
2: Macrocalcification
3: Taller-than-wide pattern
4: Oval shape
5: Posterior enhancement
(A) 1 + 2
(B) 2 + 3 + 4
(C) 1 + 3
(D) 1 + 3 + 5
(E) 2 + 3 + 5
解析:
惡性腫瘤:鈣化calcification、造成posterior shadowing、taller than wide。答案(C)
alignant sonographic characteristics:
- Spiculation
- Angular margins
- Marked hypoechogenicity
- Shadowing
- Calcification
- Duct extension
- Branch pattern
- Microlobulation
- Taller than wide
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乳房惡性腫瘤常見的細胞型態為下列哪種?
(A) Papillary carcinoma
(B) Mucinous carcinoma
(C) Lobular carcinoma
(D) Ductal carcinoma
解析:(D)ductal carcinoma佔80%,lobular carcinoma佔10%。
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以下對於乳癌的描述,請選出錯誤的描述
(1) 隨著乳房攝影篩檢的普及,台灣乳房原位癌的每十萬人口發生率逐漸降低
(2) 台灣婦女乳癌好發年紀為 45-55 歲
(3) 美國婦女乳癌好發年紀為 50-60 歲
(4) 每二年一次的乳房攝影可降低 20%的乳癌死亡率
(5) 乳癌患者同側乳房的惡性腫瘤數目會影響 TNM 分期
(A) 1+2+3 (B) 1+3+4 (C) 3+4 (D) 1+3+5 (E) 3+4+5
解析:(D)
(1)乳癌逐年增加 (3)美國好發於70歲 (5)TNM是根據Tumor mass, lymph, meta決定的
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Which of the following describes Taiwan’s breast cancer screening policy using mammography?
(A) Annually for adult females.
(B) Biennially for females 45-69 years of age.
(C) Once every three years for females 30-70 years of age.
(D) Monthly self-examination should be sufficient
解析:(B)45-69歲女性,每兩年一次乳房攝影。因為台灣乳癌好發於45-55歲。此外也補助有家族史的40-44歲每兩年一次乳房攝影。
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What of the following is false?
(A) Macrocalcification on mammography makes it a category 2 finding.
(B) Microcalcification, mass, asymmetry, architectural distortion are 4 important items to interpret mammography studies.
(C) CC view and ML view are the mostly ordered on mammography
(D) The localization and excision of microcalcification are possible using mammography.
解析:(C)CC view & MLO view。
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The prevalence of breast cancer in Taiwan in recent years is ______% every 100,000 persons.
(A)10-19% (B)20-39% (C)40-45% (D) 46-76%
解析:台灣乳癌盛行率100,000人中有70.2人。(依研究資料庫不同有不同的數據)
比較:HPV台灣盛行率是15%。
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What is the most common symptom of breast cancer?
(A)pain
(B)palpable mass
(C)nipple bleeding
(D)axillary lymphadenopathy
解析:82%的乳癌最初以palpable painless mass表現,答案(B)
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Which of the following contains the most lymph?
(A) axillary nodes
(B) internal mammary nodes
(C) supraclavicular nodes
(D) abdominal nodes
解析:檢查乳癌轉移一定要摸的是axillary node(雙手抬高摸)
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A 60 y/0 female with breast cancer, the pathological stage is T2N2M0,
Estrogen receptor positive, Progesterone receptor: negative, Her-2:
negative and Ki67:80%. After her total mastectomy surgery, which of the
following is the best adjuvant therapy?
(A) Adjuvant theraypy is not necessary.
(B) Chemotherapy and Hormone therapy.
(C) Hormone therapy only.
(D) Radiotherapy.
解析:ER(+)可以做hormone therapy。Her-2(+)可以做target therapy。此病人是ER(+), Her-2(-), T2N2的案例,T2N2需要做化療殺死淋巴結和血液中潛在的腫瘤,所以選(B)。
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By clinical examination, a 40 y/o female was found having a 1cm breast
tumor located in left lateral area and 3cm away from the nipple. Image
shows no axillary lymph node metastasis. Pathology report of core biopsy shows mucinous carcinoma, estrogen receptor positive, progesterone receptor positive and Her-2 negative. Which of the following surgical approach should be suggested as the best option?
(A) left total mastectomy and reconstruction
(B) left partial mastectomy and axillary sentinel lymph node dissection
(C) neo-adjuvant and then surgery
(D) hormone therpay only
解析:N0,ER(+),Her-2(-),可以做哨兵淋巴結和部分乳房切除。選(B)。
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A 50 y/o female suffers from nipple bloody discharge. Which of the following is the most common pathological finding?
(A) Ductal carcinoma in situ
(B) Intraductal papilloma
(C) Fibroadenoma
(D) Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
解析:最常見的出血原因是papilloma。選(B)。
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Which of the following is not the high risk factor of breast cancer?
(A) Early menopause
(B) mother and/or daughter have breast cancer
(C) BRCA mutation
(D) Obesity after menopause
解析:早停經是好事,選(A)。
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According to NCCN Guideline (National Cancer Center Network), which of the following is the best adjuvant therapy for a 55 y/o female with breast cancer, who are diagnosed as stage pT1cN1M0, ER : -、PR : -、Her2/neu : 3+、ki67 : 60% ?
(A)Chemotherapy
(B)Hormone therapy
(C)Target therapy (Anti Her/neu)
(D)Chemotherapy and Her/neu target therapy
解析:Her-2(+)可以用標靶。因為N1所以要化療。選(D)。
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According to current NCCN Guideline, which of the following is the most
commonly recommended adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer?
(A) Anthracycline, Taxane, Cyclophospamide
(B) Anthracycline, Capecitabine, 5-FU
(C) Vinorelbine, Taxane, Gemcitabine
(D) Trastuzumab, Vinorelbine, Anthracycline
解析:記AC+Taxel,A=antracycline, C=Cyclophospamide,所以選(A)。
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25歲年輕女性摸到約1.5公分右乳腫瘤,臨床觸診,可以移動,表面平滑,臨床上最可能診斷及最優先選擇診斷工具是?
(A) 乳癌,超音波檢查
(B) 乳癌,X光攝影
(C) 良性腫瘤,超音波檢查
(D) 良性腫瘤,X光攝影
解析:<35歲做超音波,>35歲做乳房攝影。可以移動是良性特徵,選(C)。
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35歲女性在外院病理診斷,左乳外上側1公分乳癌,腋下超音波指引下腋淋巴結細針抽取細胞診斷是陰性,請問下列最適合的治療方法為?
(A) 先化療再手術
(B) 乳房保留手術
(C) 乳房保留手術加上哨兵淋巴結手術
(D) 乳房改良式全乳房根除術
解析:(C)還沒有轉移所以可以做哨兵淋巴結
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乳癌保留手術,若執行術中放射線治療,目前其Indication下列何者為正確?
(A) 20歲有乳癌家族史。
(B) 35歲無乳癌家族史。
(C) 40歲以上腫瘤<2公分,腋下淋巴未轉移。
(D) 40歲以上腫瘤<2公分,腋下淋巴已轉移。
解析:手術中放射治療,適用於早期癌症且輕微淋巴轉移,選(D)。
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下列何者為乳癌術後需要輔助性化療?
(A) 80歲,淋巴節未轉移,腫瘤大小2公分,荷爾蒙接受器強陽性。
(B) 45歲,淋巴節5顆轉移,腫瘤大小5公分,三陰性乳癌。
(C) 35歲,淋巴節未轉移,腫瘤大小0.5公分,荷爾蒙接受器陽性。
(D) 75歲,淋巴節未轉移,腫瘤大小0.5公分,荷爾蒙接收器強陰性
解析:三陰性乳癌最需要化療,淋巴轉移需要化療,選(B)。
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乳癌最常見遠端轉移處?
(A)肝臟
(B)心臟
(C)骨骼
(D)肺臟
解析:轉移骨頭(C)。
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