1. 關於teratoma何者錯誤?
(A) 嬰兒之2 y/o為好發年紀
(B) 最常見於sacrococcygeus處,佔40%
(C) mature teratoma為良性,佔75%
(D) immature teratoma為惡性,佔12%
解答:(D) Immature是intermediate,而malignant teratoma應該是mixed-germ cell tumor of teratoma,此類佔12%。
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2. 關於小兒神經母細胞瘤(neuroblastoma)之敘述何者正確?
(A) Neuroblastoma是AKT mutation的類型,其預後最差
(B) Neuroblastoma好發於0-9歲兒童,通常診斷於<1歲兒童,最常見於頭部
(C) Adrenal neuroblastoma佔40%,是neural crest發育過來
(D) 亞型例如Ganglioneuroma是Ganglion cell+Neuroblastoma分化的腫瘤
(E) 病理特徵是細胞密、核深染,充滿基質(stroma),有Homer-Wright pseudorosettes
解答:(C)
(A)AKT mutation很常見,但預後最差的是MYCN mutation
(B)最常見於腎上腺
(D)Ganglioneuroma是Ganglion cell+Schwann cell+Schwannian stroma(favorable)
Ganglioneuroblastoma是Ganglion+Neuroblast
Neuroblastoma是Neuroblast
(E) "stroma-poor”
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3. 關於小兒腎臟腫瘤(pediatric renal tumor),何者正確?
(A) 最常見的小兒腎臟腫瘤是Wilm’s tumor,又稱為nephroblastoma,佔80%
(B) Wilm's tumor 基因診斷僅能發現11p13 deletion (WT1 gene mutation)
(C) Wilm's tumor 之WT2 gene mutation常見的相關診斷如WAGR syndrome──Wilms tumor、Aniridia(無虹膜症)、Genitourinary anomalies、mental Retardation
(D) Wilm's tumor 其中以epithelium wilm’s tumor預後最好、mesenchyma wilm’s tumor預後最差
(E) Wilm's tumor Stage IV=hematogenous metastasis, bilateral involve
解答:(A)正確
(B)WT1=11q13, WT2=11p15.5, WT3=16q
(C)WT"1”
(D) epithelium(tubular)是預後最差、mesenchyma預後最好
(E) stage V=bilateral involve
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4. 關於Wilm’s tumor何者錯誤?
(A) WT-1可見WAGR syndrome、Denys-Drash syndrome,後者的性腺與腎臟發育不好,可能有早發性的腎衰竭
(B) WT-2可見Bechwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS)
(C) 預後指標:Undifferentiated、Mucin、Aneuploid、Epithelium type是預後差的指標
(D) 病理特徵是3倍大的細胞核,分裂旺盛,深染
(E) 小於2歲發病,預後比較差
解答:(E) 很特別的是,越早發病、小於2歲發病預後越"好"
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5. 關於Retinoblastoma的敘述何者正確?
(A) 大部分是hereditary form,佔45%,雙側且好發於小於4歲兒童
(B) 是RB gene mutation (13q13)
(C) 病理特徵是true rosettes and primitive round blue cells
(D) 由眼底鏡檢查可及早發現,若腫瘤已大,瞳孔會出現白色反光且拍照後雙眼瞳孔反光不同
(E) 由neuroblast分化過來
答案:(B)(C)
(A)"40%”
(B)13q”14”
(E)"neuroepithelial" origin
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腹部腫瘤需要鑑別哪兩種?【Neuroblastoma & Wilm’s tumor】
病理特徵是 small round blue cell?【Lymphoma, Ewing sarcoma, Neuroblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Retinoblastoma】
- Pathologic basis of disease, 10th